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R. E. Olds
Today
the city of Geneva Ohio has a population of 6,883 people. The website
proudly proclaims a growth of 286 folks since 1990 but sadly lacks a mention
of their most famous citizen. There, near the banks of Lake Erie, Ransom Eli
Olds was born in 1864.
With a new son and little work, Olds’ dad couldn’t feed the family. He took
his blacksmith trade to Lansing, Michigan. Ransom and his brother added
their mechanical and design skills to their father’s muscle. By age 20,
Ransom owned the business. Steam power drove America in the late 1800s and
by 1887 Ransom had adapted it to a vehicle.
In 1895 the brothers Duryea developed a gasoline car a month ahead of Olds.
Few realize Olds also produced a handful of electric cars around 1900. He
smelled the future in the exhaust fumes but didn’t have the money to produce
cars. Samuel L. Smith, a copper and metals magnate, made it happen. He
posted $199,600 for 95% of the stock and Olds scratched together $400 to
start The Olds Motor Works in August 1897. Smith insisted the plant be built
in his hometown of Detroit.
Smith and Olds differed on what type of car to build. Smith wanted large
bulky vehicles whereas Olds -like Ford - saw the common man as the real
market. A devastating fire decided the question. Only one prototype car
survived. Undaunted, Olds sought help from John and Horace Dodge and Henry
Leland to build HIS car. Dodge built 425 “little curved dash” Oldsmobiles
the first year. The “Merry Oldsmobile” was more than a song.
To prove its worth, Ransom gave Roy Chapin a cardboard box of spare parts
and a roadmap to the 1901 New York Automobile Show. After seven days and 800
miles of rain, mud and rut, he chugged the 7 hp. 1 cylinder car to the
entrance of the Waldolf Astoria in time for the show! A New York dealer sold
a thousand cars at that event for $650 a piece.
Despite the success, Samuel Smith held the pocketbook and demanded bigger
cars. Olds left the company in 1904 and moved back to Lansing to start REO.
By the 15th of October that year a spanking new model rolled across the
pavement. REO, like Ford and Maxwell, had an opportunity to join William
Durant’s General Motors. When they refused, GM merged Oldsmobile, Oakland,
Chevrolet and Cadillac.
REO built a two-passenger runabout with an optional rear seat. The reliable
1-cylinder engine used a chain drive for the two-speed transmission. REOs
stamina fulfilled their slogan, “Built for What Happens.” In the New York
Motor Club’s 1904 six-day National Economy Tour, a REO carried 4 people 682
miles for a total cost of $3.38 per person! Later a 5-passenger touring
model took the economy prize in the 1905 Glidden Tour by covering over a
thousand miles without a repair or a tire change! In another race a REO was
one of four finishers in a field of 30 cars and the new sales pitch became,
“YOU can do it with a REO!”
By 1916 REO was selling 70,000 cars a year. The engines now had 4 cylinders
in an F-head configuration using overhead intakes and side exhausts.
REOs were solid reliable cars but never sold in quantity. Their record year
was 1927. Their engineering department, unafraid of innovation, often led
the pack. Like Jordan and a few other makers, The REO began using Lockheed
hydraulic brakes in 1927. Another feature was REO’s Silent Second
transmission that permitted easy downshifting from “high” to “second” at 40
mph. In 1934 REO offered the optional Self Shifter automatic transmission
and the advertisements boldly stated “there is nothing to do but steer!”
The most luxurious REO was the Reo-Royale built on a 135’ wheelbase. The
raked windshield, a deep “V” grill and a longer hood gave an elegant flair
to the drab 1930s. The Flying Clouds were priced in the $1200 range while
the Royale’s elegance added $1500 more. A stylish convertible coupe topped
the line.
Despite being reasonably priced and stylish, REO ceased automobile
production in 1936 when less than 5,000 units were sold. By then the body
dies were shared with Graham. With America sniffing at an economic recovery,
REO saw their future in the newborn trucking industry. They eventually sold
out to White Trucks in 1957 who built the Diamond REO.
The REO nameplate was hung on the wall forever in 1974.
See you next month!
Bob
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